POLICY REPORT
                            URBAN STRUCTURE

                                           Date:  May 16, 1995
                                           Dept. File No. AMcA

   TO:       Vancouver City Council

   FROM:     Associate Director of Planning - City Plans and 
             General Manager of Engineering Services

   SUBJECT:  City of  Vancouver  Response  to  GVRD  Livable  Region
             Strategic Plan


   RECOMMENDATIONS

        A.   THAT Council endorse the  Livable Region Strategic Plan
             objectives  to  protect  the  GVRD  Green  Zone,  build
             Complete  Communities, achieve  a compact  Metropolitan
             Region, and increase transportation choice.

        B.   THAT  the City  support the  proposed  GVRD Green  Zone
             policies with the following provisos:

             i)   the  City offer, for  inclusion in the  GVRD Green
                  Zone,   the   lands   approved   by   Council   on
                  September 16, 1993, as noted in Appendix C.

             ii)  Areas within the City  of Vancouver identified for
                  inclusion  in  the  Green  Zone  are  for planning
                  purposes  only   and  remain   under  the   City's
                  jurisdiction; and

             iii) The  Arbutus Corridor  and the  Grandview  Cut are
                  presently designated as  transportation corridors.
                  Further analysis and  public consultation (through
                  a   City  transportation   planning  process)   is
                  required  to   conclude  on  the  role   of  these
                  corridors relative to  transportation, recreation,
                  and wildlife uses.

        C.   THAT the  City  support the  GVRD "Complete  Community"
             concept, subject  to developing  partnership agreements
             which  take into  account  City objectives  to  improve
             Vancouver's jobs-worker ratio.

        D.   THAT  the  City  support,  in principle,  the  "Compact
             Metropolitan  Region"   policies  with   the  following
             provisos  to  be considered  when  household/population
   targets are negotiated:       i)   targets        should       be
                                      based upon the  results of the
                                      CityPlan process, noting  that
                                      existing  zoning provides  for
                                      an  additional 100,000  people
                                      and  housing  for   a  further
                                      60,000 people  (for a  maximum
                                      increase of 160,000  people by
                                      2021) will  need to  be agreed
                                      through neighbourhood planning
                                      processes; and

             ii)  given there  are limited opportunities  to provide
                  new  traditional  ground-oriented housing  in  the
                  city, the partnership  negotiations should explore
                  new forms of housing which offer qualities similar

                  to   ground-oriented   housing,  but   at   higher
                  densities, as the  City's contribution to  meeting
                  the demand for family housing.

        E.   THAT  the  GVRD   Transportation  Choice  Policies   be
             supported in principle, with the following provisos:

             i)   the GVRD is  successful in negotiating  agreements
                  with the  provincial and  federal governments  and
                  their  agencies   to  jointly  plan   and  deliver
                  transportation services  that support  the Livable
                  Region Strategic Plan;

             ii)  the Regional Transportation Strategy is predicated
                  on municipalities accepting a share of growth and,
                  should   targets  not   be  met,   priorities  for
                  transportation investments should be revisited;

             iii) priority for investment in transportation services
                  and facilities should reflect total population and
                  employment  served as well as new demands in areas
                  identified for above-trend growth; and

             iv)  the GVRD  be invited to  participate in  preparing
                  the  proposed Vancouver  Transportation Plan  as a
                  step toward  developing partnership  agreements on
                  GVRD Transportation Choice Policies. 

             F.THAT  the GVRD provide more information about how the
             consensus/partnership  process  will  be  achieved  and
             that,  as  part  of  this  work,  the GVRD  and  member
             municipalities address the issue of how municipalities,
             taking more than  an expected share of  growth, provide
             for  facility  and   servicing  costs  associated  with
             maintaining livability.

        G.   THAT  the  Mayor,  on behalf  of  Council,  forward the
             foregoing recommendations and report to the GVRD as the
             City's response to the Livable Region Strategic Plan.
   COMMENTS OF THE GENERAL MANAGER OF COMMUNITY SERVICES
   AND THE GENERAL MANAGER OF ENGINEERING SERVICES

        The General Managers RECOMMEND approval of A to G.


   COUNCIL POLICY

   On April 16, 1991, Council  endorsed the GVRD Creating Our Future
   work program.  Included in the Program were actions to:

   a.   Conserve land resources by establishing a Green Zone, making
        better  use of  existing  services  by  balancing  jobs  and
        housing throughout the Region, and continuing to consolidate
        growth in town centres; and

   b.   Manage  the Region  by seeking  an expanded  mandate  in the
        areas of land use and transportation.

   Since 1991,  Council has  responded to  several GVRD  initiatives
   related to Creating Our Future:

   a.   On  June 22, 1993,  Council supported, with  some additional
        suggestions, a  draft "Extended  Services Establishment  By-
        Law" for  an expanded  regional land use  mandate through  a
        consensus/partnership model; 

   b.   On September  16,  1993, Council  recommended  areas  within
        Vancouver for inclusion in the GVRD Green Zone;

   c.   On  March 29, 1994,  Council adopted an  interim response to
        the GVRD Livable Region Strategy: Proposal by supporting, in
        principle, protecting the Green Zone, and creating "compact"
        and "complete" communities;

   d.   On March  29, 1994, Council  agreed that the  Transport 2021
        Plan be supported  in principle, subject to adoption  by the
        GVRD  of  the  Compact Metropolitan  Option  of  the Livable
        Region  Strategy  and subject  to  further refinement  after
        response by CityPlan.

   e.   On November  22, 1994,  Council received  a progress  report
        from  staff  on the  City's  review  of the  Livable  Region
        Strategy  and  directed  that,  following  consideration  of
        CityPlan, staff report  on the implications of  CityPlan for
        the Livable Region Strategy.SUMMARY

   Over the past few years the GVRD has  prepared the Livable Region
   Strategic  Plan.   Concurrently,  the  City  has  been  preparing
   directions  for  Vancouver  through the  CityPlan  process.   The
   resulting plans have many similarities.  Each plan:

   ˜    provides a broad vision for the City or Region;
   ˜    includes policies  that reflect tradeoffs  between alternate
        land use patterns;
   ˜    requires details, such as specific population and employment
        targets, to be the subject of further work.

   The  two plans share  many parts  of the  same vision  to improve
   livability.  They seek to:

   ˜    increase housing capacity and job choice;
   ˜    locate housing closer to jobs to minimize commuting; and
   ˜    place  priority on  accessibility through  transit, walking,
        and biking.

   Given these similarities, this report recommends the City support
   the  GVRD Livable Region  Strategic Plan and  explore partnership
   agreements with the GVRD to implement the Plan.

   Several  issues are  raised for  further  discussion through  the
   partnership process:

   ˜    actions to improve Vancouver's jobs-worker balance;
   ˜    ways  to  meet  the demand  for  ground-oriented  housing at
        higher densities; and
   ˜    criteria for transportation investments.

   The  recently completed  CityPlan provides  a  framework for  the
   City's  position in entering into partnership agreements with the
   GVRD to achieve the Livable Region Strategic Plan. 

   PURPOSE

   This  report provides the  City's response to  the January, 1995,
   GVRD Livable Region Strategic Plan.

   BACKGROUND

   Over the past five years the GVRD has developed goals to maintain
   the  Region's  livability  through  the  "Creating   Our  Future"
   process.    Following agreement  on  broad goals,  the  GVRD then
   translated the goals into a  land use and transportation strategy

   through  the Livable  Region Strategic  Plan  and Transport  2021
   processes.The  City   has  participated  in  the   GVRD  planning
   processes through  Council members who  sit on the GVRD  Board of
   Directors,   and  staff   from  the   Planning  and   Engineering
   Departments, who represent the City on technical committees.  

   Concurrently, the City of Vancouver CityPlan process has provided
   an opportunity to  receive broad public  input on Directions  for
   Vancouver.  This response to the Livable Region Strategic Plan is
   based on the conclusions of the CityPlan process.

   LIVABLE REGION STRATEGIC PLAN

   The Livable  Region Strategic Plan proposes actions  to shape and
   share  regional growth.    Policies  proposed  in  the  Plan  are
   attached as Appendix A. The five key policies are:

   1.   Protect the Region's Green Zone

   The  GVRD proposes that 173,000  hectares be protected from urban
   development. Actions to create and  maintain the Green Zone focus
   on agreements with various agencies to maintain areas in natural,
   park, watershed, and farm lands.

   2.   Build Complete Communities 

   The  Plan proposes to  reduce transportation and  other servicing
   requirements by  providing a  better balance of  jobs to  housing
   throughout   the  region.  Actions   to  achieve   more  complete
   communities  are through partnerships between the GVRD and member
   municipalities to link job growth with residential development.

   3.   Achieve a Compact Metropolitan Region

   To minimize sprawl, the Plan recommends a greater share of growth
   be located in  already developed areas.  Growth is  to be focused
   in a  "Growth Concentration  Area" including  Vancouver, Burnaby,
   New  Westminster, Coquitlam,  Port  Moody, Port  Coquitlam, North
   Delta, and North Surrey.

   The Plan provides  household, population, and employment  targets
   for 2006 and 2021 for the Region and for the Growth Concentration
   Area  (see Appendix B).   A previous draft  of the Livable Region
   Strategy  (August 1993)  provided  municipal  jobs, housing,  and
   population targets.   These have  been removed from the  plan now
   under discussion.

   The revised Plan does not ask municipalities to agree to specific
   municipal population and employment targets.   A next step in the
   process will be to "seek through partnerships ... achievement  of
   the  population  and  employment  growth  targets  for  2006  and
   2021."Actions to  implement Compact Metropolitan  Region policies
   include:

   ˜    agreements between municipalities and the GVRD on population
        and job targets;
   ˜    identification  of  opportunities for  more  ground-oriented
        housing in the Growth Concentration Area;
   ˜    provision  of  transportation  services  and  facilities  to
        support the  growth targets,  with priority  given to  areas
        identified for above-trend population growth; and
   ˜    achieving adequate  population and  employment densities  in
        regional town  centres and along transportation corridors to
        support planned transit services.

   4.   Increase Transportation Choices

   Pollution, congestion,  and the  costs of  servicing sprawl  were
   concerns expressed through  the Livable Region process.  The Plan
   encourages  the use  of public  transit  and discourages  single-
   occupant  automobile  travel.    Initiatives  place  priority  on
   walking,  cycling, public transit,  goods movement, and  then the
   automobile.

   Actions to implement the Transportation Choice policies are drawn
   from  the Transport  2021  Long-  and  Medium-Range  Plans.  They
   include:

       creating  partnerships to  deliver  a transportation  system
        that  supports  the  Green  Zone,  development  of  complete
        communities, and realization of the compact region;
       Transportation Demand  Management strategies  (e.g., tolls);
        and
       agreement to a  variety of actions including  rapid transit;
        retrofitting streets  for transit,  bicycle, and  pedestrian
        uses; and goods movement corridors.

   5.   Implementing the Livable Region Strategic Plan

   The Plan proposes that the directions be implemented through:

   ˜    the delivery  of GVRD  services (e.g.,  sewer and  water) in
        support of the Plan; and
   ˜    through voluntary partnerships  between the GVRD and  member
        municipalities,  other  local  governments,  provincial  and
        federal governments, and other organizations.

   The  GVRD notes that,  compared with current  development trends,
   realizing the Strategic Plan would result in 33 percent less land
   required  for  urban   development,  20  percent   fewer  vehicle
   kilometres  travelled,  and therefore  lower  air  emissions, and
   significant  savings  on  public infrastructure,  including  a 20
   percent reduction  in  the cost  of transportation  facilities.On
   December  9,  1994, the  GVRD  Board  of  Directors approved  the
   Livable Region  Strategic Plan  in principle  and referred it  to
   member  municipalities to identify  any remaining concerns.   The
   Board  asked for  comments by  June 9,  1995.   City  Council had
   previously advised  the GVRD (November 22, 1994)  that the City's
   response  would follow  agreement on  directions  adopted through
   CityPlan.

   CITYPLAN PROCESS AND CONCLUSIONS

   The CityPlan  process focused  on directions  people see for  the
   City of Vancouver.   In doing so, CityPlan addressed many  of the
   issues  considered in  the Livable  Region  Strategy --  housing/
   population, employment, and transportation.

   The resulting CityPlan  is very supportive of  the Livable Region
   Strategy.  As  with the Livable  Region Strategic Plan,  CityPlan
   does not endorse specific job  and housing targets.  However, the
   CityPlan directions of  concentrating employment growth downtown,
   from  Cambie to  Oak on  Broadway,  in industrial  areas, and  in
   neighbourhood centres, parallels regional job objectives.  

   The  CityPlan   proposals  to   add  new   housing  capacity   in
   neighbourhoods could provide enough housing for the city to reach
   the population objectives suggested by  the Region.  However, the
   City will not  be in  a position  to conclude on  a city  housing
   target  until   neighbourhood  public   consultations  are   well
   advanced.

   Reports in  the media  have raised  some questions  about whether

   people  who participated in  the CityPlan process  understood the
   scale  of  housing and  job  targets  implied  by CityPlan.    In
   response,  throughout the CityPlan process, reference was made to
   jobs,  housing, and population  targets suggested by  the GVRD in
   their August 1993, Livable Region Strategy Proposal.

   The  1994 CityPlan Making  Choices Workbook described  three ways
   the City could add to existing housing capacity to accommodate an
   additional 160,000 people by 2021, as  proposed by the GVRD.  The
   fourth  choice limited growth  in the city  and did  not meet the
   proposed GVRD targets.  

   The 1995 Futures Brochure also used the illustrative GVRD 160,000
   population target --  100,000 people current zoning  allows, plus
   "60,000  more   people   through  higher   density   housing   in
   neighbourhood centres."   Futures  material described  a proposed
   growth in employment "by 120,000 jobs to a total of 420,000 jobs"
   by 2021.A city-wide  1,500 household random sample  survey, which
   surveyed support for  CityPlan directions among non-participants,
   used the GVRD illustrative targets in two questions:

   ˜    "Over the  next 30 years,  120,000 new jobs could  locate in
        the city, a  new job for every three  which exist today...";
        and
   ˜    "Over  the  next  30 years,  new  housing  could accommodate
        160,000 more people, or one new resident for every three who
        are  here  now...60,000  would live  in  new  apartments and
        townhouses  which would  be  clustered around  neighbourhood
        commercial areas."

   The  resulting CityPlan  includes  directions which  support  the
   Livable  Region   Strategic  Plan   by  increasing   housing  and
   employment opportunities  in  the  city  and  endorsing  transit,
   walking, and biking as priorities.

   The  following comments  on  the City's  response to  the Livable
   Region Strategic Plan are based on CityPlan.

   DISCUSSION

   The City is  on record  as supporting many  parts of the  Livable
   Region  Strategic Plan  (see existing  Council  Policies).   This
   report reiterates this  support (Recommendation A).   The City is
   also on record as  expressing concerns about several  sections of
   the Plan.   This report  provides a consolidated response  to the
   GVRD on  the January  1995, GVRD Livable  Region Strategic  Plan.
   The proposed Livable  Region policies are attached as Appendix A.
   Illustrative household and population capacities  are attached as
   Appendix B.

   1.   CITY RESPONSE TO GREEN ZONE POLICIES

   GVRD Proposal:

   The GVRD is proposing that  173,000 hectares within the region be
   protected from urban development.

   City Response:

   In September 1993, the City recommended 19 areas for inclusion in
   the Green Zone.  (See Appendix C.)  These include most shorelines
   and larger parks, the  agricultural zoned and floodplain  area of
   Southlands,  and   two  transportation  corridors,   Arbutus  and
   Grandview Cut  (noting that land  use decisions still need  to be
   made concerning these corridors).

   Council also  advised the GVRD  that Green Zone lands  within the
   city   were  being   submitted  "for   planning  purposes   only,
   recognizing   that   these   areas   remain   under   the  City's
   jurisdiction."
   The one  Green Zone proposal  which cannot be fully  supported at
   this time  is a recreation/wildlife corridor from Boundary to the
   East  End of  False Creek  via the  Grandview  Cut.   Council has
   previously  noted   that  uses   in  the   Cut  require   further
   consideration.

   City Recommendations:

   B.   THAT the City support the proposed GVRD  Green Zone policies
        with the following provisos:

        i)   the City offer,  for inclusion in the  GVRD Green Zone,
             the lands approved by Council on September 16, 1993, as
             noted in Appendix C.

        ii)  Areas  within  the  City  of Vancouver  identified  for
             inclusion in the  Green Zone are for  planning purposes
             only and remain under the City's jurisdiction; and

        iii) The  Arbutus   Corridor  and  the   Grandview  Cut  are
             presently  designated   as  transportation   corridors.
             Further  analysis  and public  consultation  (through a
             City transportation  planning process)  is required  to
             conclude on  the role  of these  corridors relative  to
             transportation, recreation, and wildlife uses.

   2.   CITY RESPONSE TO COMPLETE COMMUNITY POLICIES

   GVRD Proposal:

   The Regional Plan recommends building "complete communities."  To
   achieve this,  the GVRD  proposes to  seek, through  partnerships
   with municipalities,  a better  balance between  jobs and  labour
   force  throughout the  region.   The  Plan identifies  employment
   targets for  2006 and  2021 for the  region and  for the  "Growth
   Concentration  Area."  No  municipal targets are  included in the
   Plan.

   City Response:

   As  written, the  Complete  Community policies  are  supportable.
   Improving the balance between jobs and housing is a long-standing
   City policy.   Example City actions in support  of this objective
   include the  provision of housing  close to downtown  jobs (False
   Creek,  Coal Harbour, Downtown  South).While this version  of the
   Plan does not include job targets for the City, a previous  draft
   did.  The 1993 draft Strategy suggested the City add 152,000 jobs
   by 2021.  The 1993 job targets, when compared to housing targets,
   acted to worsen the City's jobs-housing balance.  In other words,
   by 2021  a higher proportion  of workers would be  commuting than
   today. This  is  contradictory to  City  policies, which  are  to
   reduce commuting.

   In  developing   partnership  agreements   on  job   targets  for
   Vancouver, the City  will want to  ensure that  the result is  to
   improve the City's jobs-housing balance.  

   Employment targets discussed through the CityPlan process provide
   a  basis for City-GVRD discussions.   These include the following
   possibilities:

   ˜    CityPlan discussed an overall increase  of 120,000 jobs to a

        total of about 420,000 jobs by 2021.

   ˜    More jobs in the Central  Area with employment increasing to
        220,000 jobs by 2021 (as much as the GVRD target, and 60,000
        more than in 1991).   Existing zoned capacity in the Central
        Area can accommodate this increase.  The increase in jobs in
        the  downtown takes advantage of the Central Area's location
        at the centre  of a transit network, where  it is accessible
        to people living in the city and from other municipalities. 

   ˜    An  increase  in  employment in  neighbourhood  centres,  to
        provide  employment for,  or serving, the  local population.
        This  could  add  about  36,000  jobs  in centres  by  2021.
        Although local  centres are less easy to  service by transit
        than downtown  employment, concentrating jobs  in neighbour-
        hood  centres supports  access by  foot and  bicycles.   The
        amount and location of these jobs will need to be determined
        through neighbourhood  planning programs  and market  supply
        and demand.

   ˜    An  additional 9,000  jobs  are likely  to  locate in  other
        commercial  areas and  institutional  (e.g. hospital)  sites
        outside neighbourhood centres.

   ˜    Retention of industrial areas to provide locations for city-
        serving activities and possibly an additional 15,000 jobs by
        2021.

   These proposals broadly fit the GVRD Complete Community policies.
   They meet or exceed  GVRD targets for the  Central Area, but  are
   lower  for the rest  of the city,  and lower overall,  by about 7
   percent, or 30,000 jobs.  This slightly lower job target reflects
   the  smaller scale of neighbourhood centres discussed in CityPlan
   and  supports job  growth in  Regional  Town Centres.As  CityPlan
   notes,  further public  consultation  is  needed  to  assess  the
   viability of more jobs in neighbourhood centres.

   City Recommendations:

   C.   THAT the City support the GVRD "Complete Community" concept,
        subject to developing partnership agreements which take into
        account City  objectives to improve  Vancouver's jobs-worker
        ratio.

   3.   CITY RESPONSE TO COMPACT METROPOLITAN REGION POLICIES

   GVRD Proposal:

   Concentrate  growth on the  Burrard Peninsula, in  the North East
   Sector,  and North  Delta/North Surrey to  minimize sprawl.   Use
   partnerships with  municipalities to  set population  and housing
   growth targets for 2021, including the provision of more ground-
   oriented housing.

   City Response:

   Based  upon the CityPlan process, the GVRD's Compact Metropolitan
   Region  policies  can  be supported.    This  includes increasing
   housing capacity in the City.  

   The  GVRD Plan does not  ask the City to agree,  at this time, to
   specific municipal housing and population targets.  However, four
   municipalities--Surrey, Burnaby,  Vancouver, and  Coquitlam--will
   likely  be asked  to take  the largest  shares of  future growth.
   These four  municipalities could  account for  80 percent of  the
   rezoning initiatives required to achieve the compact region.  

   The Region's Plan  does not describe how the  negotiation process
   will  proceed between  the GVRD  and municipalities  to  agree on
   targets.  This lack of detail is a cause for concern. The way the
   January  1995 Plan  is written,  municipalities  can support  the
   "Growth  Concentration  Area" (which  encompasses  more than  one
   municipality) without actually  agreeing to  take an  appropriate
   share of  the growth  within their own  municipality to  make the
   Plan work.  Indeed, several municipalities have already expressed
   concerns about meeting GVRD targets. 

   These comments  are provided  to alert  Council to the  difficult
   task of  implementing the Livable  Region Strategy.   In entering
   into  discussions  on growth  targets,  several  points follow.a)
        Vancouver's Housing/Population Capacity

   Capacities discussed through CityPlan were for about 100,000 more
   households, resulting in a population of 160,000 more people.  

   Vancouver has capacity in zoned land and major projects under way
   to provide housing  for an estimated 100,000 additional people in
   the city.  This potential is made up of:
        ˜ 19,000 ground-oriented units (net of demolitions); and
        ˜ 56,000 additional apartments.

   The CityPlan process  discussed adding housing for  an additional
   60,000 people (25,000  units).  The CityPlan vision  is that much
   of  this housing  would  be  located  in  Neighbourhood  Centres.
   However, as noted in CityPlan, extensive public consultation will
   be required to realize this new capacity.

   b)   Vancouver's Housing Types

   The GVRD's demographic  projections suggest the  greatest housing
   need in  the  region  over the  next  30 years  is  for  "ground-
   oriented" housing.

   By "ground-oriented" the  GVRD means, housing with  direct access
   to the outside,  not via a corridor.   Ground-oriented housing is
   especially desirable for families with  children.  The GVRD calls
   the  demand  for ground-oriented  housing,  "the single  greatest
   challenge for growth management."

   Earlier  (1993) GVRD  proposals were  for  the City  to add  some
   50,000 units of ground-oriented housing by 2021.  To achieve this
   at least 30 percent of existing single-family homes would have to
   be redeveloped into  triplexes or row houses.   This proposal was
   one of the options discussed and rejected through CityPlan.

   As a result of the CityPlan process, we conclude that it will not
   be supportable to  provide the large quantities  of traditionally
   designed ground-oriented housing desired by the GVRD.

   In entering into  partnership discussions with the  GVRD, further
   work by both the City and the GVRD is needed:

   ˜    to  consider the implications  of Vancouver taking  a higher
        share of the region's apartments than  other municipalities.
        With currently higher housing densities and the availability
        of  transport  and  other services,  Vancouver  may  be best
        placed to provide a larger share of the region's apartments;
        and
   ˜    to develop new forms of  housing which offer the features of
        "ground-oriented"   housing    at   higher    densities.City
        Recommendations:

   D.   THAT   the  City   support,   in  principle,   the  "Compact

        Metropolitan Region" policies with the following provisos to
        be   considered   when  household/population   targets   are
        negotiated:

        i)   targets  should  be  based  upon  the  results  of  the
             CityPlan process, noting that existing zoning  provides
             for  an additional  100,000 people  and  housing for  a
             further  60,000  people  (for  a  maximum  increase  of
             160,000 people by 2021) will need to be  agreed through
             neighbourhood planning processes; and

        ii)  given  there are  limited opportunities to  provide new
             traditional  ground-oriented   housing  in   the  city,
             partnership negotiations  should explore  new forms  of
             housing  which  offer  qualities  similar  to   ground-
             oriented  housing,  but  at higher  densities,  as  the
             City's contribution to meeting the regional demand  for
             family housing.

   4.   CITY RESPONSE TO TRANSPORTATION CHOICE POLICIES

   GVRD Proposal:

   The  GVRD  policies  are to  increase  transportation  choice and
   implement  the  Transport  2021  Long-  and  Medium-Range  Plans.
   Actions include  a variety  of  Transportation Demand  Management
   Strategies and initiatives such as rapid transit.

   City Response:

   On March 29,  1994, Council supported the Transport  2021 Plan in
   principle,  subject  to  adoption  by  the  GVRD  of  the Compact
   Metropolitan Option, further response by CityPlan, and resolution
   of some specific concerns about:

   ˜    the  use  of  price  signals  (such  as  parking  taxes)  to
        influence travel behaviour; and
   ˜    issues which may conflict with existing city by-laws.

   While  drawn from  the Transport  2021  Plan, the  Transportation
   Choice  policies in  the Livable Region  Strategic Plan  are more
   general than Transport 2021.  

   The GVRD Transport  Choice policies reflect the  broad directions
   which  emerged from  CityPlan  and, as  such,  can be  supported.
   Several  issues  with  respect  to  implementation  of  the  GVRD
   Transportation Choice policies should be noted:a) Implementation
                                                     is  out of  the
                                                     GVRD's hands.

        Implementation  of   GVRD  transportation   policies  relies
        heavily on provincial agencies (B.C. Transit and Ministry of
        Transportation and Highways), and on other authorities (such
        as the Port,  Airport, and rail companies).   Support of the
        GVRD Strategic Plan  by these agencies is essential.   Staff
        note that the recent approval of Commuter Rail is an example
        of other agencies disregarding the Regional Plan when making
        investment decisions.

   b)   Land Use-Transportation Links

        Successful implementation depends, to a large extent, on the
        links between land use and transportation actions.  Comments
        in  the previous section  about the difficulty  of achieving
        the compact region are relevant here.

        The  Compact Metropolitan Region  policies refer to locating
        more population along  "transportation corridors to  support
        planned  transit services."    The vision  of "neighbourhood
        centres" which  emerged  from CityPlan  was as  a focus  for
        existing  neighbourhoods.    CityPlan  proposes linking  new
        housing  in   neighbourhood  centres  to   improved  transit
        services.  However, CityPlan  does not necessarily  envision
        neighbourhood centres being located, like beads on a string,
        along  commuter rapid transit routes. While some centres may
        coincide  with major transit corridors, Council is on record
        as agreeing that the location of a rapid transit line should
        not be the sole basis for increasing densities.

   c)   Link Services to Population Served

        The GVRD  Plan proposes that  priority for the  provision of
        transportation services  and facilities should  go to  areas
        identified for above-trend growth.  This proposal focuses on
        relative growth  and  ignores  the  total  population  being
        served.

        In  absolute  terms  Vancouver  has  the  largest  municipal
        population (471,800 people) and  the second largest proposed
        population  growth to 2021  (plus 160,000 people,  second to
        Surrey at  226,800).  By  2021, Vancouver will still  be the
        largest municipality with  635,000 people (Surrey  472,000).
        Funds allocated  for  service  improvements  should  reflect
        Vancouver's  share of total  population and jobs  as well as
        growth projections.
   d)   City Travel Demands

        More  people live  and work  in the  city than  commute into
        Vancouver.   This is true today and  will continue to be the
        case  in 2021.   As  such,  partnerships, particularly  with
        respect to operating and  capital expenditures for  transit,
        need  to recognize the  travel demands generated  within the
        city.  CityPlan participants were very supportive of transit
        services as a way to improve accessibility in the city.

        The  Livable   Region  Plan  proposes   adding  intermediate
        capacity  transit  facilities.   Recent reports  prepared by
        consultants for  B.C. Transit  provide information on  three
        possible  lines   but   do  not   make  recommendations   on
        priorities.    A  separate City  staff  report  has provided
        Council with a  recommended City response which  favours the
        Broadway-Lougheed  line   (with  a  possible   extension  to
        Coquitlam)  over the New Westminster-Coquitlam option.  That
        report on rapid  transit noted that funding  directed toward
        moving  commuters  from  the suburbs  to  the  city provides
        minimal  assistance  to the  needs  of the  large  number of
        people who live and work in the city.

   e)   Tolls are not a popular choice.

        The  Livable Region  Plan  proposes pursuing  Transportation
        Demand Management  (TDM) strategies  such as  tolls.   While
        CityPlan participants, on balance, supported this direction,
        the broader population is less supportive.

        The  CityPlan  random  sample survey  asked  about  tolls on
        bridges into the city, higher  gas taxes, and more expensive
        parking as ways to pay  for improved transit services. At 25
        percent  opposed, this  was  the least  liked of  the twelve
        CityPlan  directions.    Many  respondents  who   liked  the
        transit,  walking,  and  biking  emphasis expressed  concern
        about TDM measures.

   f)   Transportation Plan fills in the details.

        The  proposed  City  Transportation  Plan  (outlined  in   a
        separate report)  provides an  opportunity for  the City  to
        consider,  in   more  detail,  the  role  we   can  play  in
        implementing  the   GVRD  Transportation   Choice  policies.
        Policies  requiring further  development in  order  to enter
        into partnership agreements with the GVRD include:

        ˜    Land Use (jobs and housing) directions;
        ˜    Transportation Demand Management options;
        ˜    priorities for the provision of regional rapid transit;
        ˜    priorities for the provision of  local transit services
             and transit, bike, and  pedestrian networks in  support
             of "complete community" policies in the City;
        ˜    ways to  retrofit local  streets and  infrastructure to
             favour transit, bicycle, and pedestrian uses; and
        ˜    provisions   for  inter-   and  intra-municipal   goods
             movement.

   RECOMMENDATIONS

   E.   THAT the GVRD Transportation Choice Policies be supported in
        principle, with the following provisos:

        i)   the GVRD is  successful in negotiating  agreements with
             the  provincial  and  federal  governments  and   their
             agencies  to jointly  plan  and deliver  transportation
             services  that  support  the  Livable Region  Strategic
             Plan;

        ii)  the Regional Transportation  Strategy is predicated  on
             municipalities  accepting a share of growth, and should
             these targets not be met, priorities for transportation
             investments should be reviewed;

        iii) priority for investment  in transportation services and
             facilities   should   reflect  total   population   and
             employment  served  as  well as  new  demands  in areas
             identified for above-trend growth; and

        iv)  the GVRD  be invited  to participate  in preparing  the
             proposed Vancouver Transportation Plan as a step toward
             developing  partnership  agreements  on  Transportation
             Choice Policies. 

   5.   CITY RESPONSE TO GVRD IMPLEMENTATION POLICIES

   GVRD Proposal:

   The  GVRD proposes implementing the Livable Region Strategic Plan
   through a  consensus/partnership process with  municipalities and
   other agencies.   More directly,  the GVRD will use  the approved
   Strategic  Plan as  a  basis for  delivering GVRD  services (e.g.
   extensions to water, sewers). 

   City Response:

   Council has  previously discussed and  supported, with  suggested
   amendments, elements of a consensus/partnership approach.
   Suggestions Council made  in 1993 to further  the consensus-based
   model include:

   ˜    assurances  of adequate notification time to respond to Plan
        amendments; 

   ˜    provision  for  a  regional  dispute  resolution process  to
        assist in resolving cross-jurisdictional issues; and

   ˜    actions  to  assist  municipalities   taking  more  than  an
        expected share of  growth to meet increased  servicing costs
        associated with maintaining livability.

   The first  two issues  are addressed, to  some extent,  by recent
   provincial  legislation.   On  April  19,  1995,  the  provincial
   legislature  received, for  the first  reading,  Bill 11,  Growth
   Strategies Act.   This Act provides a process  for developing and
   reaching  agreement on  a regional  growth  strategy. The  Growth
   Strategies Act is reported to Council in a separate report.

   Issues of  assisting high growth areas to maintain livability are
   not  addressed in the Growth Strategy  Act.  Since some areas are
   expected to  accept higher and  more rapid levels of  growth than
   previously  contemplated, the GVRD should consider ways to ensure
   parkland,  community  and  transportation facilities,  and  other
   services are provided to maintain livability.  Under the proposed
   strategy,   some  municipalities  are  not  asked  to  assume  an
   increased share of  growth.  There is an  opportunity to consider
   other ways those  municipalities can contribute to  maintaining a
   livable region.

   City Recommendation:

   F.   THAT  the  GVRD  provide  more  information  about  how  the
        consensus/partnership process will be achieved and  that, as
        part  of this  work,  the  GVRD  and  member  municipalities
        address the issue of how municipalities, taking more than an
        expected a share of growth, provide for needed facility  and
        servicing costs associated with maintaining livability.

   CONCLUSION

   This report has described the  four policy directions of the GVRD
   Livable Region Strategic  Plan -- protecting the GVRD Green Zone,
   building Complete  Communities, achieving a  Compact Metropolitan
   Region,  and  increasing  transportation choice.    Based  on the
   results  of  the  CityPlan  process,  the  City  can  support the
   objectives of the Livable Region Strategic Plan.
   Several  issues  are  noted for  resolution  through  future City
   planning processes:

   ˜    uses of the Arbutus Corridor and Grandview Cut;

   ˜    job opportunities outside the Central Area; and

   ˜    the provision of additional housing capacity.

   These issues will  be addressed through CityPlan  follow-up work.
   The results will assist the City  in developing partnerships with
   the GVRD to implement the Livable Region Strategic Plan.

   Other   issues  will  need  to  be  addressed  through  City-GVRD
   discussions:

   ˜    employment  targets  to   improve  the  City's   jobs-worker
        balance;


   ˜    ways  to  meet  the demand  for  ground-oriented  housing at
        higher densities; and

   ˜    criteria for transportation investments.

   Details of  the process  for partnership agreements  are not  yet
   available.    They will  likely  be guided  by  recent Provincial
   Regional  Growth Strategies legislation  which is addressed  in a
   separate report.

   The Livable Region Strategic Plan is the result of a several-year
   planning  process.   As  the  plan notes,  this  is another  step
   towards developing  detailed  actions to  maintain  the  region's
   livability.

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